Ba a saba karanta Littafi Mai Tsarki, ko al kitab a cikin ainihin harsunansa Ibrananci da Hellenanci). Wannan ba don babu shi a cikin waɗannan harsunan ba. Shi ne, kuma masana suna nazarin Hellenanci da Ibrananci a jami’a don su iya karanta da kuma nazarin Littafi Mai Tsarki a cikin harsuna na asali. Wannan ita ce sau da yawa hanyar da ƙwararrun malaman Littafi Mai Tsarki suke nazarinsa. Amma masu bi na yau da kullun ba sa karanta ko nazarin Littafi Mai-Tsarki a cikin yarensa na asali, maimakon haka suna karanta shi a cikin fassarar yarensu na asali. Saboda haka, Littafi Mai Tsarki ba sau da yawa ba ne gani a cikin harsunanta na asali, wanda ya sa wasu ke tunanin cewa an yi hasarar harsunan na asali, wasu kuma suna tunanin tsarin fassarar ya haifar da lalacewa. Kafin mu tsallaka zuwa ga ƙarshe, zai fi kyau mu fara fahimtar tsarin fassarar al kitab, ko kuma Littafi Mai-Tsarki. Abin da za mu yi ke nan a wannan labarin.

Fassara vs. Fassara

We need to first understand some basics of translation. Translators sometimes choose to translate by similar sound rather than by meaning, especially when it comes to names or titles. This is known as transliteration.  The figure below illustrates the difference between translation and transliteration. From Arabic you can choose two ways to bring the word for ‘God’ into English. You can translate by meaning which gives ‘God’ or you can transliterate by sound to get ‘Allah’.

Tare da karuwar musayar Ingilishi da Larabci a cikin ‘yan shekarun nan, kalmar ‘Allah’ ta zama sanannen kalma a cikin harshen Ingilishi don nufin Allah. Babu cikakkiyar ‘yancin’ ko ‘kuskure’ a cikin zaɓin fassarar ko fassarar take da mahimman kalmomi. Zaɓin ya dogara da yadda ake karɓa ko fahimtar kalmar a cikin harshen mai karɓa.

Septuagint

Fassarar Littafi Mai Tsarki ta farko ita ce lokacin da aka fassara Tsohon Alkawari na Ibrananci (= Taurat & Zabur) zuwa Hellenanci wajen 250BC. Wannan fassarar ana kiranta da Septuagint (ko LXX) kuma yana da tasiri sosai. Tun da yake an rubuta Sabon Alkawari da Hellenanci, an ɗauko ayoyin Tsohon Alkawari daga Septuagint na Hellenanci.

Fassara & Fassara a cikin Septuagint

Hoton da ke ƙasa ya nuna yadda duk waɗannan ke tasiri Littafi Mai Tsarki na zamani inda ake nuna matakan fassara cikin quadrant.

Asalin Tsohon Alkawari na Ibrananci (Taurat & Zabur) yana cikin quadrant #1 kuma ana samun damar yau a cikin Rubutun Masoret da Rubutun Tekun Matattu. Domin Septuagint Ibrananci ne -> Fassarar Hellenanci ana nuna shi azaman kibiya da ke fitowa daga quadrant #1 zuwa #2. Sabon Alkawari da kansa aka rubuta shi da Hellenanci, don haka wannan yana nufin #2 ya ƙunshi duka Tsoho da Sabon Alkawari. A cikin ƙasan rabin (#3) akwai fassarar harshen zamani na Littafi Mai-Tsarki (misali Turanci). Don isa wurin an fassara Tsohon Alkawari daga Ibrananci na asali (1 -> 3) kuma an fassara Sabon Alkawari daga Hellenanci (2 -> 3). Dole ne masu fassara su yanke shawara kan fassarar ko fassarar sunaye da lakabi kamar yadda aka yi bayani a baya. Ana kwatanta wannan tare da koren kibiyoyi masu lakabi fassara da kuma fassara, yana nuna cewa mafassara za su iya ɗaukar kowane hanya.

Shaidar Septuagint akan Tambayar Lalacewar Littafi Mai Tsarki

Tun da aka fassara Septuagint daga Ibrananci a kusa da 250 BC za mu iya gani (idan muka juya fassarar Hellenanci zuwa Ibrananci) abin da waɗannan mafassaran ke da su a cikin rubutun Ibrananci da suka fassara daga gare su. Tun da waɗannan matani kusan iri ɗaya ne wannan yana nuna cewa nassin Tsohon Alkawari bai canza ba tun aƙalla 250 BC. An karanta Septuagint a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Bahar Rum na ɗaruruwan shekaru, Yahudawa, Kiristoci, har ma da arna – har ma a yau da yawa a Gabas ta Tsakiya suna amfani da shi. Idan wani (Kiristoci, Yahudawa ko wani) ya canza Tsohon Alkawari kuma ya lalata shi, to Septuagint zai bambanta da nassin Ibrananci. Amma ainihin su ɗaya ne.

Hakazalika, idan misali wani a Alexandria, Masar, ya lalata Septuagint da kansa to kwafin rubutun Septuagint a Alexandria zai bambanta da sauran rubutun Septuagint a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Rum. Amma su daya ne. Don haka bayanai sun gaya mana ba tare da wani sabani ba cewa Tsohon Alkawali bai lalace ba.

Septuagint a Fassara

Hakanan ana amfani da Septuagint don taimakawa da fassarar zamani. Masana fassarar suna amfani da Septuagint har wa yau don taimaka musu su fassara wasu wurare mafi wuya na Tsohon Alkawari. An fahimci Hellenanci da kyau kuma a wasu wurare da Ibrananci ke da wuya mafassaran za su iya ganin yadda masu fassarar Septuagint suka fahimci waɗannan ayoyin da ba a sani ba shekaru 2250 da suka shige.

Fahimtar fassarar/fassara da Septuagint yana taimaka mana mu fahimci inda kalmomin ‘Almasihu’, ‘Almasihu’, da ‘Masih’ suka fito kamar yadda waɗannan kalmomin suka shafi Isa (ko Yesu – PBUH), waɗanda muke bukatar mu fahimta idan za mu fahimta. sakon Injila. Muna kallon wannan a cikin labarinmu na gaba.